https://doi.org/10.4081/ltj.2022.294
Potential role of Er:YAG laser and fluoride in the dental enamel remineralization: a Raman spectroscopy preliminary ex vivo study
Published: 30 June 2022
Abstract Views: 1189
PDF: 133
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Background and aims: Dental caries are a widespread oral disease and a serious public health problem, starting by teeth demineralization, which is a loss of minerals such as calcium and phosphate. Modern caries treatment is aimed at preventing the disease progression by teeth remineralization which is a supply of minerals to the enamel. The most popular remineralization method is the treatment of teeth with fluoride. Er:YAG laser has also gained research attention as a method for improving the uptake of fluoride and phosphate by introducing chemical and morphological changes into the structure of enamel but, while some researchers described it as effective, others found no significant effect from its application. This work aimed to further study the effect of Er:YAG laser, alone or combined with fluoride, to dental enamel. Materials and Methods: Twenty upper central human incisors, extracted for periodontal reasons, were used in the study. Samples were demineralized by acetic acid and divided into four groups: a) control, b) fluoride + Er:YAG laser, c) Er:YAG laser alone and d) fluoride alone. The remineralization rate of teeth was estimated by Raman Spectroscopy. Results: In comparison with the control group, the phosphate peak’s intensity increased notably for the teeth treated by fluoride, but decreased slightly for the teeth treated with Er:YAG laser and with a combination of the laser and fluoride. Conclusions: With the limits of this study, due to the limited samples number, Er:YAG laser, alone and combined with fluoride, seems to be not effective, at the parameters used, for the enamel remineralization.
Petersson GH (2003): Assessing caries riskusing the Cariogram model. Swedish Dental Journal, 158: pp. 1-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12856497/
Valm AM (2019): The structure of dental plaque microbial communities in the transition from health to dental caries and periodontal disease. Journal of Molecular Biology, 431: pp. 2957-2969. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31103772/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.016
Yilmaz N, Baltaci E, Baygin O, Tuzuner T, Ozkaya S, Canakci A (2020): Effect of the usage of Er, Cr: YSGG laser with and without different remineralization agents on the enamel erosion of primary teeth. Lasers in Medical Science, 29: pp. 1607-1620. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32472426/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03015-0
Seow WK (2014): Developmental defects of enamel and dentine: challenges for basic science research and clinical management. Australian Dental Journal, 59: pp. 143-154. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24164394/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12104
Shellis RP, Featherstone JD, Lussi A (2014): Understanding the chemistry of dental erosion. Erosive Tooth Wear, 25: pp. 163-179. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24993265/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000359943
Fekrazad R, Najafi A, Mahfar R, Namdari M, Azarsina M (2017): Comparison of enamel remineralization potential after application of titanium tetra fluoride and carbon dioxide laser. Laser Therapy, 26: pp. 113-119. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5539378/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5978/islsm.17-OR-9
Liang L (2003): The biochemistry and physiology of metallic fluoride: action, mechanism, and implications. Crit Rev Oral Biol. Med, 14: pp. 100-114. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12764073/
Tagomori S, Morioka T (1989): Combined effects of laser and fluoride on acid resistance of human dental enamel. Caries Res., 23: pp. 225-231. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2790854/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000261182
Bedini R, Manzon L, Fratto G, Pecci R (2010): Micro hardness and morphological changes induced by Nd:Yag laser on dental enamel: an in vitro study. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 46: pp. 168-172. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20567068/
Ferreira JM, Palmera J, Phakey PP, Rachinger WA, Orams HJ (1989): Effects of continuous-wave CO2 laser on the ultrastructure of Human dental enamel. Arch Oral Biol., 34: pp. 551-562. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2512902/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(89)90094-0
Rohanizadeh R, LeGeros RZ, Fan D, Jean A, Daculsi G (1999): Ultrastructural properties of laser irradiated and heat-treated dentin. J Dent Res., 78: pp. 1829-1835. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10598913/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345990780121001
Tagomori S, Iwase T (1995): Ultrastructural change of enamel exposed to a normal pulsed Nd-YAG Laser. Caries Res., 29: pp. 513-520. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8556757/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000262123
Huang GF, Lan WH, Guo MK, Chiang CP (2001): Synergistic effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with fluoride varnish on inhibition of caries formation in dental pits and fissures in vitro. J Formos Med Assoc., 100: pp. 181-185. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11393113/
Fornaini C, Brulat N, Milia G, Rockl A, Rocca JP (2014): The use of sub-ablative Er:YAG laser irradiation in prevention of dental caries during orthodontic treatment. Laser Ther., 23: pp. 173-181. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215124/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5978/islsm.14-OR-13
Zezell DM, Boari HG, Ana PA, Eduardo Cde P, Powell GL (2009): Nd:YAG laser in caries prevention: a clinical trial. Lasers Surg Med., 41: pp. 31-35. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19143016/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.20738
Al-Maliky MA, Frentzen M, Meister J (2019): Artificial Caries Resistance in Enamel after Topical Fluoride Treatment and 445 nm Laser Irradiation. Biomed Res Int., 2019: 9101642. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2019/9101642/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9101642
Moghadam CZ, Seraj B, Chiniforush N, Ghadimi S (2018): Effects of Laser and Fluoride on the Prevention of Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study. J Lasers Med Sci., 9: pp. 177-182. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6378360/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15171/jlms.2018.32
Delbem ACB, Cury JA, Nakassima CK, Gouveia VG, Theodoro LH (2003): Effect of Er:YAG Laser on CaF2 Formation and Its Anti-Cariogenic Action on Human Enamel: An in Vitro Study. Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine and Surgery, 21: pp. 197-201. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13678456/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/104454703768247765
Nair AS, Kumar RK, Philip ST, Ahameed SS, Punnathara S, Peter J (2016): A Comparative Analysis of Caries Inhibitory Effect of Remineralizing Agents on Human Enamel Treated With Er:YAG Laser: An In-vitro Atomic Emission Spectrometry Analysis. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10: pp. 10-13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5296568/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/21058.9007
Ulkur F, Ekci ES, Nalbantgil D, Sandalli N, Peter J (2014): In Vitro Effects of Two Topical Varnish Materials and Er:YAG Laser Irradiation on Enamel Demineralization around Orthodontic Brackets. The Scientific World Journal, 2014: 490503. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24987734/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/490503
Auner G, Koya S, Huang C, Broadbent B, Trexler M, Auner Z, Elias A, Mehne K, Brusatori M (2018): Applications of Raman spectroscopy in cancer diagnosis. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 37: pp. 691-717. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6514064/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-018-9770-9
Ramakrishnaiah R, Rehman G, Basavarajappa S, Khuraif AA, Durgesh BH, Khan AS, Rehman I (2015): Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Dentistry: Analysis of Tooth Structure. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 50: pp. 332-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2014.986734
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2014.986734
Silveira J, Coutinho S, Marques D, Castro J, Mata A, Carvalho ML, Pessanha S (2018): Raman spectroscopy analysis of dental enamel treated with whitening product – Influence of saliva in the remineralization. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 198: pp. 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.007
Kerr JE, Arndt GD, Byerly DL, Rubinovitz R, Theriot CA, Stangel I (2015): FT-Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Remineralization of Microwave-Exposed Artificial Caries. Journal of Dental Research, 95: pp. 342-348. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26647390/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034515619370
James BD (2015): Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Incidence, Prevalence, and Years Lived with Disability for 354 Diseases and Injuries for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet, 392: pp. 1789-1858. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30496104/
Wen PYF, Chen MX, Zhong YJ, Dong QQ, Wong HM (2021): Global Burden and Inequality of Dental Caries, 1990 to 2019. J. Dent. Res., 101: 392-399. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34852668/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211056247
Righolt AJ, Jevdjevic M, Marcenes W, Listl S (2018): Global-, Regional-, and Country-Level Economic Impacts of Dental Diseases in 2015. J. Dent. Res., 97: pp. 501-507. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29342371/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034517750572
Fejerskov O (2004): Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care. Caries Res., 38: pp. 182-191. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15153687/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000077753
Xue VW, Yin IX, Niu JY, Chan A, Lo ECM, Chu CH (2022): Combined Effects of Topical Fluorides and Semiconductor Lasers on Prevention of Enamel Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg., 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35587640/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.0184
AlShamrani A, AlHabdan A, AlDaweesh M, Bin Hamdan R, AlRajhi R (2021): The effects of combining erbium, chromium: Yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser irradiation with fluoride application in controlling the progression of enamel erosion. Saudi Dent J., 33: pp. 1126-1132. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8665161/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.03.004
Soltanimehr E, Bahrampour E, Yousefvand Z (2019): Efficacy of diode and CO2 lasers along with calcium and fluoride-containing compounds for the remineralization of primary teeth. BMC Oral Health, 19: p. 121. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31217005/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-019-0813-6
Ceballos-Jiménez AY, Rodríguez-Vilchis LE, Contreras-Bulnes R, Alatorre JÁA, Velazquez-Enriquez U, García-Fabila MM (2018): Acid resistance of dental enamel treated with remineralizing agents, Er:YAG laser and combined treatments. Dent Med Probl., 55: pp. 255-259. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30328302/
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/93960
How to Cite
Issatayeva, A., Fornaini, C., Masino, M., & Cucinotta, A. (2022). Potential role of Er:YAG laser and fluoride in the dental enamel remineralization: a Raman spectroscopy preliminary <i>ex vivo</i> study. Laser Therapy, 29(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.4081/ltj.2022.294
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.